I. Basic Overview
Full flange tees are key components for pipeline branch connections, consisting of a main pipe, a branch pipe, and three sets of flanges. They are widely used in various pipeline systems, including municipal, industrial, and chemical industries.
These tees are mainly classified by material, structural form, and pressure rating. PN10, PN16, and PN25 are the three most commonly used pressure specifications in industrial and civil applications.
The three tees differ significantly in pressure capacity, structural adaptability, and applicable scenarios. Selecting the correct specification is a prerequisite for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the pipeline.
II. Definition and Advantages
PN stands for nominal pressure, derived from European standards. It refers to the rated pressure capacity of the component at 20℃, measured in bar (1 bar ≈ 14.5 psi).
Design and selection must comply with ISO 7005-1, DIN 2501, and Chinese standards such as HG/T 20592, adapting to various general operating conditions.
In actual use, pressure resistance is affected by the temperature of the medium and the material of the components. As the temperature rises, the rated pressure resistance will decrease accordingly.
no complex welding or threading is required. Assembly is completed simply by tightening bolts, making subsequent disassembly and maintenance more convenient.
when used with sealing gaskets, it effectively prevents medium leakage and is suitable for various working conditions.
manufactured using forging, casting, or welding processes, it has strong resistance to deformation and can meet the requirements of long-term stable operation.
carbon steel, stainless steel, alloy steel, plastic, etc., can be selected according to the characteristics of the medium to suit different scenarios.
III. Differences between PN10/PN16/PN25 (Pressure Resistance)
PN10 is a low-pressure specification with a rated pressure of 10 bar (≈145 psi), suitable for civil and light industrial applications. It has weaker adaptability to pressure fluctuations and is commonly found in water supply and general HVAC systems.
PN16 is a medium-pressure specification with a rated pressure of 16 bar (≈232 psi). It offers strong versatility, balancing practicality and economy, and is suitable for applications with moderate pressure fluctuations. It is widely used in industrial circulating water and light chemical media transportation.
PN25 is a high-pressure specification with a rated pressure of 25 bar (≈362.5 psi). It boasts superior strength and pressure resistance stability, making it suitable for high-pressure applications. It is primarily used in petrochemical, high-pressure fluid transportation, and heavy industrial equipment piping.
IV. Specifications and Selection Considerations
The flange standard must strictly match the pressure rating. The flanges corresponding to PN10, PN16, and PN25 have different bolt hole numbers, diameters, and sealing surface dimensions; mixing them is strictly prohibited.
The three types are compatible with the same range of pipe diameters, typically DN15-DN600. The core difference lies in their pressure resistance; the appropriate specification must be selected based on the actual operating conditions.
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Select according to needs. Avoid over-selection leading to cost waste and under-selection causing safety hazards. High-pressure specifications are not necessary for low-pressure scenarios.
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Select based on media characteristics. Corrosive media require corrosion-resistant materials such as stainless steel or alloy steel, while also considering pressure rating compatibility.
03
Consider the impact of the working environment. For high-temperature conditions, a pressure attenuation margin should be reserved. It is recommended to select a specification one level higher than the actual working pressure.
V. Usage and Maintenance Points
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